https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44374 Wed 12 Oct 2022 10:45:40 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29685 p = 0.008]). Median birth weight was 3.35 kg (range: 1.96–5.24) and 3.57 kg (range: 2.18–4.59) for cases and controls, respectively. Maternal age, delivery method, and antibiotic exposure were not associated with IBS status but this study was only powered to detect large odds ratios. Conclusions and Inferences: Lower birth weight was observed as a risk factor for IBS. It is not clear if in utero developmental delays directly lead to IBS or if low birth weight is a prospective marker for subsequent early life problems leading to IBS.]]> Wed 06 Sep 2017 10:52:38 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34445 1 episode. Safety data revealed no new adverse events. Conclusion: Mesalazine was not superior to placebo in preventing recurrence of diverticulitis.]]> Wed 04 Sep 2019 09:56:16 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36114 Thu 13 Feb 2020 09:38:08 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36109 post hoc appraisal of the data was performed categorizing patients according to the Rome III subgrouping (PDS and EPS). Results: In total, 292 subjects were randomized; mean age=44 yrs. 21% had delayed gastric emptying. Neither antidepressant altered gastric emptying, even in those with baseline delayed gastric emptying. GA increased with ADTx (P=0.02). Neither antidepressant affected the maximal-tolerated volume (MTV) of the nutrient drink test although aggregate symptom scores improved compared to placebo (P=0.04). Patients with the combined EPS-PDS subtype (48%) had a lower MTV on the nutrient drink test compared to the EPS group at baseline (P=0.02). Postprandial bloating improved with both AMI (P=0.03) and ESC (P=0.02). Conclusions: Amitriptyline (50 mg) improves FD symptoms but does not delay gastric emptying, even in patients with baseline delayed gastric emptying. GA improved with low-dose ADTx; the precise mechanism of action is unknown warranting further study.]]> Thu 06 Feb 2020 14:11:07 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19438 mTc-rhenium sulphide colloid, every 5 min up to a cumulative volume of 800 ml. Gastric emptying was measured by scintigraphy for the total, proximal and distal stomach. Results: Patients with uPUD had significantly higher gastric retention in the proximal and total stomach at 100 min than HC and BPU, while BPU had similar percent retention to HC. Patients with uPUD had significantly higher cumulative symptom response to the nutrient challenge than did HC and BPU, while BPU had similar symptom responses to HC. Conclusions: Patients with uPUD have significantly delayed gastric emptying compared to HC and BPU. Data suggest that in addition to alterations of visceral sensory function, altered gastric motor function occurs during a nutrient challenge in uPUD but not BPU. Gastric motor function may contribute to the manifestation of dyspeptic symptoms in PUD.]]> Thu 06 Aug 2015 16:37:18 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28626 Thu 01 Jun 2023 18:00:10 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31481 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:45:13 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31849 n = 596) and validation datasets (n = 551). Discriminant validity along with test–retest reliability was assessed. The time taken to perform a clinical assessment with and without the SAGIS was recorded along with doctor satisfaction with this tool. Results: Exploratory factor analysis conducted on the derivation sample suggested five symptom constructs labeled as abdominal pain/discomfort (seven items), gastroesophageal reflux disease/regurgitation symptoms (four items), nausea/vomiting (three items), diarrhea/incontinence (five items), and difficult defecation and constipation (2 items). Confirmatory factor analysis conducted on the validation sample supported the initially developed five-factor measurement model (χ²₁₉₃=892.2, p < 0.0001, χ²/df = 4.6, CFI = 0.90, TLI = 0.88, RMSEA = 0.08). All symptom groups demonstrated differentiation between disease groups. The SAGIS was shown to be reliable over time and resulted in a 38% reduction of the time required for clinical assessment. Conclusions: The SAGIS instrument has excellent psychometric properties and supports the clinical assessment of and symptom-based categorization of patients with a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal symptoms.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:43:15 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:12770 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:18:19 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:12772 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:18:18 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:13239 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:17:36 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:13241 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:17:36 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:13240 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:17:36 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:10526 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:13:57 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:12216 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:12:07 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:12242 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:08:12 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:12250 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:08:10 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20538 25 000 US$/person/year). Corresponding BMI distributions for corresponding countries and regions were identified. Nonparametric tests were used to compare the association between H. pylori and overweight and obesity rates. Results: Forty-nine studies with data from 10 European countries, Japan, the US and Australia were identified. The mean H. pylori rate was 44.1% (range 17-75%), the mean rates for obesity and overweight were 46.6 (±16)% and 14.2 (±8.9)%. The rate of obesity and overweight were inversely and significantly (r = 0.29, P < 0.001) correlated with the prevalence of H. pylori infection. Conclusions: There is an inverse correlation between H. pylori prevalence and rate of overweight/obesity in countries of the developed world. Thus, the gradual decrease of the H. pylori colonisation that has been observed in recent decades (or factors associated with decrease of) could be causally related to the obesity endemic observed in the Western world.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:02:41 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20759 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:00:26 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20107 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:00:10 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21820 Helicobacter pylori eradication for the treatment of FD is modest (6–14% therapeutic gain), while the therapeutic efficacy of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) (7–10% therapeutic gain), histamine-type-2-receptor antagonists (8–35% therapeutic gain), prokinetic agents (18–45%), tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) (response rates of 64–70%), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (no better than placebo) is limited and hampered by inadequate data. This review discusses dietary interventions and analyses studies involving complementary and alternative medications, and psychological therapies. Conclusions: A reasonable treatment approach based on current evidence is to initiate therapy with a daily PPI in H. pylori-negative FD patients. If symptoms persist, a therapeutic trial with a tricyclic antidepressant may be initiated. If symptoms continue, the clinician can possibly initiate therapy with an anti-nociceptive agent, a prokinetic agent, or some form of complementary and alternative medications, although evidence from prospective studies to support this approach is limited.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:58:44 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19560 15 eosinophils/ hpf with symptomatic dysphagia, who underwent a structured barium oesophagram. The sensitivity and specificity of EGD were evaluated against the gold standard of oesophagram. Demographic and multiple clinical factors were evaluated as potential predictors of oesophageal narrowing. Results: Of the 58 patients identified, 34 (58.6%) had a narrowed oesophageal diameter (<21 mm). EGD had poor sensitivity (14.7%, 95% CI 5.0-31.1%) for detection of a narrowed oesophagus and only modest specificity (79.2%, 95% CI 57.8-92.9%). Even at a cut-off diameter of EDmax = 15 mm, EGD had a sensitivity of only 25.0% (95% CI 5.5- 57.2%) for narrowed oesophagus. A history of >5 food impaction episodes, endoscopic rings, and female sex were the best predictors of oesophageal narrowing. 86% (6/7) patients with persistent dysphagia despite remission of histological eosinophilia responded to oesophageal dilation all of whom had radiological oesophageal narrowing and 71% of whom had no perceived oesophageal narrowing at EGD. Conclusions: Symptomatic oesophageal narrowing identified by barium oesophagography is common and under-recognised at endoscopy in patients with oesophageal eosinophilia.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:58:25 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18027 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:56:32 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18036 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:56:31 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19132 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:55:53 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19187 0.5); however, significant treatment effects (p < 0.05) on the number of acid reflux episodes were observed with lower values on pumosetrag 0.2mg (10.8 ± 1.1), 0.5mg (9.5 ± 1.1), and 0.8mg (9.9 ± 1.1) compared with placebo (13.3 ± 1.1). Significant treatment effects (p < 0.05) were also observed for the percentage of time pH was <4, with less time for pumosetrag at 0.5mg (10%) and 0.8mg (10%) compared with placebo (16%). Conclusions & Inferences: In GERD, the partial 5HT3 agonist pumosetrag significantly reduced the rate of acid reflux events but did not result in a significant change in LESP or symptomatic improvement over a 1-week treatment period.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:55:04 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19975 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:54:30 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19977 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:54:30 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21109 Helicobacter pylori flourish despite the hostile environment. Whilst H. pylori is the most studied bacteria in this region with a defined role in inflammation and neoplasia, it is apparent that other bacteria may contribute to UGI disease. Aim: To review current knowledge of bacteria inhabiting the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. Methods: Published studies on the upper gastrointestinal microbiome (extracted from PubMed during the last 20 years). Results: The stomach is a hostile environment for bacteria; however, recent studies categorising the microbiota have shown surprising results. Helicobacter pylori has been intensively studied since 1984 and recent sequencing analysis of other gastric microbiota shows that H. pylori is not alone. Composition can be influenced by acid suppression, gastritis and abundance of H. pylori. Eradication of H. pylori, whilst decreasing gastric cancer is associated with an increase in asthma, reflux and obesity. A future approach may be to selectively eradicate bacteria which predispose to inflammation and cancer as opposed to a comprehensive knockout policy. In the oesophagus, viridans streptococci are the most common bacteria influenced by both oral and gastric bacteria. Oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus are characterised by a significant decrease in Gram-positive bacteria and an increase in Gram-negative bacteria. An inverse association of H. pylori and oesophageal adenocarcinoma is described. The duodenal microbiome has been shown to influence small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, irritable bowel syndrome and coeliac disease. The numbers of bacteria recoverable by culture are variable in the stomach mucosa and gastric juice, typically 10²-10⁴ colony-forming units (CFU)/g or mL and in the oesophagus, up to 10⁴ bacteria per mm² mucosal surface. In the small bowel, in health, 10³ CFU/mL are normal. Conclusion: This review highlights current knowledge of upper gastrointestinal bacteria and associations with disease.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:54:02 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21235 N = 28 854) and CC-free (N = 86 562) patients had mean age 61.9 years; 66.7% were female. One-year CRCancer prevalence was 2.7% and 1.7%, and BCN prevalence was 24.8% and 11.9% for CC and CC-free patients, respectively. Adjusted IRRs between CC and CC-free patients were 1.59 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43-1.78] and 2.60 [95% CI: 1.51-2.70] for CRCancer and BCN, respectively. Patients with severe and very severe CC had significantly greater incidence of CRCancer and BCN. At ≥2 and ≥5 years of observation, CRCancer and BCN incidence remained consistently and significantly higher for CC patients. Conclusions Patients with chronic constipation are associated with significantly higher prevalence and incidence of colorectal cancer and benign colorectal neoplasm than matched chronic constipation-free patients. These risks increase with the severity of chronic constipation.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:53:01 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21324 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:52:50 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19979 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:50:57 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27608 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:39:41 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27607 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:39:41 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28581 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:35:48 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26616 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:34:00 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26602 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:33:58 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26423 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:27:58 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26551 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:26:09 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22240 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:17:36 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22241 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:17:31 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23509 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:17:18 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24505 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:13:10 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24506 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:13:10 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34430 -/- murine colitis treated with vehicle or HIF-stabilizing prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors (PHDi). IL12B promoter analysis was performed to examine hypoxia-responsive elements. Immunoblot analysis of murine and human LPL supernatants was performed to characterize the HIF/IL-12p40 signaling axis. We observed selective induction of IL-12p40 following PHDi-treatment, concurrent with suppression of Th1 and Th17 responses in murine colitis models. In the absence of IL-12p40, PHDi-treatment was ineffective. Analysis of the IL12B promoter identified canonical HIF-binding sites. HIF stabilization in LPLs resulted in production of IL-12p40 homodimer which was protective against colitis. The selective induction of IL-12p40 by HIF-1α leads to a suppression of mucosal Th1 and Th17 responses. This HIF-IL12p40 axis may represent an endogenously protective mechanism to limit the progression of chronic inflammation, shifting from pro-inflammatory IL-12p70 to an antagonistic IL-12p40 homodimer.]]> Mon 20 Feb 2023 14:56:13 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42856 Mon 05 Sep 2022 16:01:38 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50574 Fri 28 Jul 2023 12:30:34 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19834 Fri 14 Aug 2015 13:26:22 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41727 Fri 12 Aug 2022 10:04:18 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34641 2 months without response to acid suppression. Controls presented with nonerosive reflux disease, dysphagia or rumination syndrome. Intramucosal eosinophil counts were compared between the groups using uni- and multivariate regression analyses. Results: Thirty-six cases and 36 nonmatched controls were identified. Atopic history (39% vs. 25%) and psychological comorbidity (53% vs. 39%; both P = 0.2) were frequent in cases and controls. Self-reported nausea (64% vs. 17%; P < 0.0001), lethargy (19% vs. 0%; P = 0.005) and family functional gastrointestinal disorder(FGID) (28% vs. 3%; P = 0.003) were more common in cases than controls. Duodenal eosinophil counts [median (IQR): 151 (118-207) vs. 76 (60-106) per mm²; P < 0.001] were significantly higher in cases than controls with > 112 eosinophils per mm² predictive for FD (OR: 33.6, 95% CI: 7.1-159.0; P < 0.001). Duodenal eosinophilia was associated with weight loss (OR: 7.1, 95% CI: 1.1-45.5; P = 0.04). Conclusions: Functional dyspepsia in children is strongly associated with duodenal eosinophilia, in the absence of endoscopic or routine histological findings. Frequent atopic and psychological comorbidity illustrate likely multifactorial mechanisms.]]> Fri 05 Apr 2019 15:31:55 AEDT ]]>